The theorem states that distributed data systems will offer a trade-off between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. Figure 5-10 shows the three properties of the CAP theorem. Related data is stored as a set of nested-key/value pairs within a single column.ĭata is stored in a graph structure as node, edge, and data properties.Īs a way to understand the differences between these types of databases, consider the CAP theorem, a set of principles applied to distributed systems that store state. The simplest of the NoSQL databases, data is represented as a collection of key-value pairs. Figure 5-9 presents four common models.įigure 5-9: Data models for NoSQL databases Modelĭata and metadata are stored hierarchically in JSON-based documents inside the database. NoSQL databases include several different models for accessing and managing data, each suited to specific use cases. The proliferation of new data technologies in this space has disrupted solutions that once exclusively relied on relational databases. The impact of NoSQL technologies for distributed cloud-native systems can't be overstated. High volume services that require sub second response time favor NoSQL datastores. No-SQL databases typically don't provide ACID guarantees beyond the scope of a single database partition. Instead of joining tables of normalized data, NoSQL stores unstructured or semi-structured data, often in key-value pairs or JSON documents. They excel in their ease-of-use, scalability, resilience, and availability characteristics. No-SQL databases refer to high-performance, non-relational data stores. These tables have a fixed schema, use SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage data, and support ACID guarantees. Relational databases provide a store of related data tables. Competing database products, tooling, and expertise abound. They're mature, proven, and widely implemented. Relational databases have been a prevalent technology for decades. Later in this chapter, we'll look at an emerging database technology called NewSQL. They're built differently, store data differently, and accessed differently. Relational and NoSQL are two types of database systems commonly implemented in cloud-native apps.
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